A stroke is one of the deadliest medical emergencies—ranked as the second leading cause of death globally and the 5th leading cause of disability in the U.S. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), a stroke kills millions each year, and 1.9 million brain cells die every minute it goes untreated.
Because strokes can affect anyone at any age, recognising the early warning signs and acting immediately can prevent brain damage and even save a life.
In this article, you’ll learn what a stroke is, its main types, the top 6 warning signs, and how to use the BE FAST method to respond in time.
What Is a Stroke?
A stroke—also known as a brain attack or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)—occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or blocked. This blockage or rupture deprives the brain of oxygen, leading to rapid cell death and potential long-term disabilities.
Common causes include blood clots, ruptured vessels, or plaque buildup in the arteries.
If you or someone nearby shows signs of a stroke, call emergency services (911) immediately. Rapid diagnosis and treatment dramatically increase survival chances.
Also read: 7 Common Misconceptions About Stroke and What You Should Know
Types of Strokes
There are two main types of stroke you should know:
- Ischemic Stroke
Occurs when a blood clot or plaque blocks an artery that delivers blood to the brain. This type accounts for about 87% of all strokes, according to the American Stroke Association.
Common causes include atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, and heart conditions. - Haemorrhagic Stroke
Happens when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding within or around the brain. It’s often linked to high blood pressure, brain aneurysms, or head trauma.
Check out: 7-Day Guide to Lower Blood Pressure Naturally
BE FAST: The Lifesaving Stroke Warning Signs
Stroke symptoms can appear suddenly and may worsen within minutes. The BE FAST acronym is an easy, memorable way to recognise the key warning signs and take lifesaving action.
B – Balance
Sudden loss of balance or coordination. The person may stumble, feel dizzy, or be unable to walk straight.
Tip: If they can’t stay upright or appear unstable, suspect a stroke.
E – Eyes
Sudden blurred vision or loss of vision in one or both eyes.
F – Face
Notice if one side of the face droops or becomes numb. Ask the person to smile — if their smile is uneven, that’s a clear warning sign.
A – Arms
Sudden arm weakness or numbness. Ask the person to raise both arms — if one drifts downward, seek help immediately.
S – Speech
Slurred or strange speech, or difficulty speaking or understanding others. They may sound confused or unable to form simple sentences.
T – Time
Time is brain. Call 911 or local emergency services immediately. Note when symptoms started — this helps doctors choose the most effective treatment.
Related: The Benefits of Tai Chi: Enhance Balance, Flexibility, and Clarity
Other Common Stroke Symptoms
Beyond the BE FAST signs, other symptoms may include:
- Severe, sudden headache (often called “the worst headache ever”)
- Sudden confusion or disorientation
- Nausea or vomiting
- Difficulty understanding speech
- Loss of consciousness or fainting
If any of these occur, do not delay — call for help immediately.
Why Early Intervention Matters
Even if symptoms fade within minutes, you must seek medical attention right away. This could be a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often called a mini-stroke, which signals a high risk of a major stroke within days or weeks.
Early treatment can reduce long-term damage and boost recovery. Many survivors experience effects like weakness, speech problems, or memory loss for months or years after a stroke.
Read next: Understanding Cholesterol: Good vs. Bad and Its Impact on Heart Health
Act Before Symptoms Strike
Stroke often develops quietly over time, triggered by chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or high cholesterol.
Here’s how to protect yourself:
Monitor your blood pressure regularly.
Maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
Exercise for at least 150 minutes a week.
Eat a balanced, plant-rich diet.
Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake.
Get annual health check-ups to detect risks early.
Read more: Heart-Healthy Eating: 10 Foods That Naturally Lower Blood Pressure
The Bottom Line
A stroke can happen to anyone, anytime — but it doesn’t have to catch you off guard.
By remembering the BE FAST stroke test, acting quickly, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from devastating brain injury.
Every minute counts — act FAST, save lives, and protect your brain health.
